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下面这段话写的很有意思。来自奥派经济学家Friedrich Wieser 的《Natural Value》
译文:
人类对自身的“将来需求”是有意识的,而且有足够的行动能力为“将来需求”做准备。但从人类的天性又可以明显看出来:面对强度相同的“当下需求”和“将来需求”,人类解决“当下需求”的动力更足,而解决“将来需求”的动力就少一些。
因为,“将来需求”的当下反映不是“当下需求”,而是另一种心理感受。这种心理感受和“将来需求”本身的性质完全不同。这种心理感受更高雅、更内化。也就是说,即便“将来需求”是纯粹的肉体层面的需求,其在当下的心里反映也是感受层面的。比如,“明天的饥饿”反映在当下,并不表现为饥饿,而是表现为一种对维持生活的焦虑;所以,“将来需求”和“当下需求”虽然需求标的相同,但当下的心理感受却不同。换句话说,“将来需求”在当下的心理体验不是需求,而是某种关切。这种需求向关切的转变,必然在程度上有所损耗。也就是说“将来需求”转变为关切后的强度,比“将来需求”的实际强度总要小一些。
原文:
It is evident that man possesses the capacity of acting in consideration of future feelings of want, but observation of human nature makes it very obvious that he will act with less energy than when he is under the influence of present feelings.
The future want, wherever it comes into the domain of the present, is preceded by a psychical reflection, and this reflection is of a totally different nature from the want itself. It is far finer, more innerlich, and, even in the case of purely bodily wants, is always mental. The hunger of a future day, e.g., does not act as hunger, but as anxiety for sustenance; the object of desire is the same, but the desiring is different. Instead of a want of we have an interest in. Is not, then, some energy lost in this change from the coarser to the finer? Must not the anxiety about a future want always have less weight than the actual appetite that comes after it?
这段话能给我们带来什么提示?
实际上,将来需求和当下需求的本质是一样的。但我们往往因为对将来需求没有当下需求同等的“切肤之痛”,所以做出只满足“当下需求”而不理会“将来需求”的事。
要解决这一点,只要让将来需求在当下有足够深刻的感受即可。
具体怎么,可以根据自身情况思考思考。
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